English Grammar G.K.

1. Discord (noun): The state of not agreeing or sharing opinions: (असहमति, मतभेद)  
Synonyms: Strife, Conflict, Friction, Hostility; Disagreement, Dispute, Contention, Vendetta
Antonyms: Agreement, Accord, Harmony
Example: A note of discord has crept into relations between the two countries.

2. Evoke (verb): to make someone remember something or feel an emotion: (मन में जगाना, (याद) ताजा कर देना)
Synonyms: Summon, Invoke, Elicit, Induce, Kindle, Stimulate, Awaken, Arouse,
Antonyms: Calm, Deaden, Repress, Stop Halt, Suppress, Stifle
Example: The smell of chalk always evokes memories of my school days.
Related words : Evoke, Evoked, Evoked, Evokes, Evoking

3. Facets (noun) : One part of a subject, situation, etc. that has many parts: (पहलू, पक्ष)
Synonyms: Aspect, Feature, Side, Dimension, Particular, Characteristic, Detail, Point, Ingredient, Strand, Factor
Example:  There are so many facets to Benjamin Franklin: statesman, scientist, inventor, American original.

4. Trenchant (adjective): Vigorous or incisive in expression or style. (तीव्र, कटु)
Synonyms: Vigorous, Effective, Energetic, Incisive, Penetrating, Sharp, Keen, Insightful, Acute,
Antonyms: Woolly, Vague, Frivolous, Impotent, Weak, Gentle
Example: Sometimes your tone of voice is so trenchant that you come across as being a mean person.

5. Foster (verb): To encourage the development or growth of ideas or feelings: (प्रोत्साहन देना) 
Synonyms: Encourage, Promote, Further, Stimulate, Advance, Forward, Cultivate, Nurture
Antonyms: Neglect, Suppress, Destroy, Discourage, Hinder, Inhibit
Example: I'm trying to foster an interest in classical music in my children.
Related words: Foster, Fostered, Fostered, Fosters, Fostering

6. Bogus (adjective): False, not real, or not legal. (फर्जी, नक़ली, जाली)
Synonyms: Fake, Spurious, False, Fraudulent, Sham, Deceptive, Misleading, Pretended; Counterfeit, Forged, Feigned, Simulated
Antonyms: Genuine, Authentic, Bona Fide, Valid, Real
Example: She produced some bogus documents to support her application.

7. Burgeoning (adjective): Growing or developing quickly: (तेज़ी से बढ़ना)
Synonyms: Flourish, Prosper, Thrive, Expand, Swell
Antonyms: Contract, Decrease, Diminish, Dwindle, Lessen, Recede, Wane
Example: A burgeoning tourist industry lifted the state’s economy.

8. Vindicate (verb) : To prove that someone is not guilty or is free from blame. (सही या निर्दोष ठहराना, निरपराध सिद्ध करना, साबित कर देना)
Synonyms: Acquit, Clear, Absolve, Exonerate, Exculpate, Discharge, Liberate, Free, Justify
Antonyms: Incriminate, Convict, Blame, Impeach, Indict, Punish, Condemn, Blame, Disprove
Example:  He was vindicated in court and damages of $100,000 were awarded.
Related: Vindicate, Vindicated, Vindicated

9. Mollify (verb) : To make someone less angry or upset, or to make something less severe or more gentle: (शांत करना)
Synonyms: Appease, Placate, Pacify, Conciliate, Propitiate, Allay, Assuage, Alleviate, Mitigate
Antonym: Aggravate, Provoke, Enrage, Agitate, Exasperate
Example: When the baby started to cry, his mother tried to mollify him with a bottle of milk.
Related: Mollify, Mollified, Mollified

10. Notorious (adjective): Famous or well known, typically for some bad quality or deed. (बदनाम, कुख्यात, गलत काम के लिए प्रसिद्ध)
Synonyms: Infamous, Ill-Famed, Scandalous, Renowned, Disreputable, Famed, Prominent
Antonym: Unknown, Nameless, Anonymous, Unpopular, Prestigious, Honourable, Ethical
Example: Many tourists avoid the area because it is notorious for crime.

*One word substitution-1*

Fear of sitting down(बैठने का डर) - Kathisophobia

Fear of one's own voice(अपनी आवाज का डर ) - Lyssophobia

Fear of sin(पाप का डर) - Hamactophobia

Fear of blood or bleeding(रक्त या रक्तस्राव का डर) - Hemophobia

Fear of water(पानी का डर) - Hydrophobia

Fear of sleep(नींद का डर) - Hypnophobia

Fear of marriage(शादी का डर) - Gamophobia

Fear of crossing a bridge(पुल पार करने का डर) - Gephyrophobia

Fear of old age(बुढ़ापे का डर) - Gerontophobia

Fear of writing (लिखने का डर ) - Graphophobia

 Voice related words:

1. Breathy - loud breathing noise (तेज़ सांस लेने की आवाज़)

2. Thin - sound is high and is unpleasant to listen to (पतली आवाज़)

3. Brittle - sound which seems, you are about to cry (रो देने वाली आवाज़)

4. Dead - voice that has no emotion (आवाज़ जिसमें कोई emotions नहीं होते)

5. Appealing - an appealing voice that shows someone's needs help, agreement or approval (ऐसी आवाज़ जो मदद/सहानुभूति लेने के लिए लगाई जाए)

6. Fruity - to laugh in a deep or strong voice in a pleasant way (ज़ोर से हसना)

7. Gruff - voice that has a rough low sound (कर्कश)

8. Croaky - low rough voice that shows someone has a sore throat ख़राब गले वाली आवाज़

9. Disembodied - comes from someone who you cannot see (आवाज़ का सुनाई देना जिसे आप देख नहीं सकते)

10. Small - quiet voice शांत आवाज़

11. High-pitched - voice that is very high (ऊँची आवाज़)

12. Adenoidal - voice that seems to come through nose (नाक से निकाली गई आवाज़)

13. Monotonous - boring and unpleasant voice (उबाऊ आवाज़)

14. Husky - a deep voice that sounds attractive (कर्कश)

15. Flat - voice that has no intonations (doesn't go up and down) आवाज़ जिसमें स्वर ना हों

16. Guttural - sound that is deep and is made at the back of throat (कण्ठ से निकाली गई आवाज़)

17. Low - sound that is quiet and difficult to understand. (धीमी आवाज़ जिसे समझना मुश्किल हो)

18. Honeyed - nice and pleasant voice but one cannot trust the person who is speaking. (मीठी आवाज़)

19. Penetrating - sound that is high or loud that it makes you slightly uncomfortable. (असुखद आवाज़)

20. Silvery - silvery voice, sound that is clear, light and pleasant (मधुर आवाज़)

21. Orotund - loud and clear voice. (तेज़ और साफ़ आवाज़)

22. Grating - annoying voice (परेशान करने वाली आवाज़)

23. Plummy - way of speaking that is considered to be typical of an English person of an high social
class.

24. Tight - expression shows that you are nervous and annoyed.

25. Wobbly - frightened voice and are about to cry.

1. Word of the day: Disseminate (प्रसारित करना)

Part of Speech: Verb

Meaning:  spread (something, especially information) widely.

Pronunciation: dis-eminate/डिसेमनैट

Synonyms: spread, scatter ,circulate, publicize.

Antonyms: conceal, hide, gather, collect

Use in a Sentence: Cover your mouth while sneezing so that you do not disseminate bacteria.

2. Word: Dispensation (छूट)

Part of Speech: Noun

Pronunciation: dis-puh n-sey-shuh n/डिस्पन्सैशन

Meaning: exemption from a rule or usual requirement.

Synonyms:  immunity, indulgence

Antonyms: denial, harshness

Use in a Sentence: My brother was promised dispensation from military service.

3. Word: Naysayer (निंदक)

Part of Speech: Noun

Pronunciation: ney-sey-er/नेसयर

Meaning: a person who habitually expresses negative or pessimistic views

Synonyms: cynic

Antonyms: fanatic

Use in a Sentence: 

4. Word: Palatable (स्वीकार्य)

Pronunciation: पैलटबल

Part of Speech: Adjective

Meaning: acceptable or satisfactory, pleasant to taste

Synonyms: Delicious, Delightful, Pleasing, Grateful

Antonyms: Distasteful, Unpleasant, Tasteless

Use in a Sentence: The new dish made by his mother was nutritious, palatable and simple to make.

5. Word: Curtail (कम करना)

Pronunciation:ker-teyl /कर्टैल

Part of Speech: 

Meaning:

       a. reduce in extent or quantity; impose a restriction on.

       b. deprive someone of (something).

Synonyms: shorten, reduce, diminish

Antonyms: extend, prolong, maximize

Use in a Sentence: We must try to curtail our spending.

6. Word: Propriety (शिष्टाचार)

Part of Speech: Noun

Meaning: the condition of being right, appropriate, or fitting.

Pronunciation: pruh-prahy-i-tee/प्रप्राइइटी

Synonyms: etiquette, decorum, aptness

Antonyms: improperness, inaptness, misconduct

Use in a Sentence: My sister is careful always to act with propriety.

7. Word: Curb (नियंत्रण करना)

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Pronunciation: kurb/कर्ब

Meaning: a check or restraint on something.

Synonyms: inhibit, hinder

Antonyms: encourage, support

Use in a Sentence: We are trying to keep a curb on their activities.

8. Word: Stagger (विचलित करना)

Pronunciation: stag-er/स्टैगर

Part of Speech: Verb, Noun

Meaning:

        a. walk or move unsteadily as if about to fall. [Verb]

        b. astonish or deeply shock. [Verb]

        c. an unsteady walk or movement. [Noun]

Synonyms: stumble, surprise, shocked

Antonyms: comfort, relax, calm

Use in a Sentence: It seems they stagger from one crisis to the next

9. Word: Fraught (व्याकुल)

Part of Speech: Adjective

Pronunciation: frawt/फ्रॉट

Meaning: causing or affected by anxiety or stress.

Synonyms: anxious, diligent

Antonyms: devoid, calm

Use in a Sentence: Their marriage has been fraught with difficulties.

10. Word: Advocate (समर्थक करना)

Part of Speech: Noun, Verb

Pronunciation: /ad-vuh-keyt

Meaning: 

        a. a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy. [Noun]

        b. publicly recommend or support. [Verb]

Synonyms: support, defender

Antonyms: opponent, criticize

Use in a Sentence: The group does not advocate the use of violence.

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*VOCABULARY *
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1.  Bless (V.)  आशीर्वाद देना, प्रशंसा करना
Syn. :  Adore, praise, extol, exalt
Ant. :  curse, criticize

2.  Bliss (N.) आनंद, सुख
Syn. :  joy, ecstasy, beatification, felicity
Ant.:   misery, sorrow

3.   Blunt (Adj.) भौथरा, धारहीन
Syn. :  harsh, rough, rude, brusque
Ant. :  polite, humble

4. Boastful (Adj.) डिंग हाँकने वाला, शेखी खोर
Syn. : egoist, egotist, proud, arrogant
Ant.  : meek, simple

5.  Boisterous (Adj.) उग्र, उद्दंड
Syn. : noisy, clamorous, obstreperous, furious
Ant. : quiet, silent

6.  Boorish (Adj.) गँवार जैसा
Syn. : rustic, loutish, rude, rough
Ant. : civilised, gentle

7.  Bottomless (Adj.) असीम, अनंत, अथाह
Syn. : abysmal, unending, unfathomable, eternal
Ant. : shallow, fathomable

8.       Boundary (N.) सीमा
Syn. : border, frontier, line
Ant. : interior, hinterland

9.       Bounty (N.) दानवीरता
Syn. : bonus, donation, gift, reward
Ant. : meanness

10.   Brash (Adj.) उतावला
Syn. : over confident, aggressive, conceited, proud
Ant. : meek, humble

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